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&tag(Swift/初期化);
init() {
// perform some initialization here
}
truct Fahrenheit {
var temperature: Double
init() {
temperature = 32.0
}
}
var f = Fahrenheit()
print("The default temperature is \(f.temperature)° Fahrenheit")
// Prints "The default temperature is 32.0° Fahrenheit"
struct Fahrenheit {
var temperature = 32.0
}
struct Celsius {
var temperatureInCelsius: Double
init(fromFahrenheit fahrenheit: Double) {
temperatureInCelsius = (fahrenheit - 32.0) / 1.8
}
init(fromKelvin kelvin: Double) {
temperatureInCelsius = kelvin - 273.15
}
}
let boilingPointOfWater = Celsius(fromFahrenheit: 212.0)
// boilingPointOfWater.temperatureInCelsius is 100.0
let freezingPointOfWater = Celsius(fromKelvin: 273.15)
// freezingPointOfWater.temperatureInCelsius is 0.0
struct Color {
let red, green, blue: Double
init(red: Double, green: Double, blue: Double) {
self.red = red
self.green = green
self.blue = blue
}
init(white: Double) {
red = white
green = white
blue = white
}
}
let magenta = Color(red: 1.0, green: 0.0, blue: 1.0)
let halfGray = Color(white: 0.5)
struct Celsius {
var temperatureInCelsius: Double
init(fromFahrenheit fahrenheit: Double) {
temperatureInCelsius = (fahrenheit - 32.0) / 1.8
}
init(fromKelvin kelvin: Double) {
temperatureInCelsius = kelvin - 273.15
}
init(_ celsius: Double) {
temperatureInCelsius = celsius
}
}
let bodyTemperature = Celsius(37.0)
// bodyTemperature.temperatureInCelsius is 37.0
class SurveyQuestion {
var text: String
var response: String?
init(text: String) {
self.text = text
}
func ask() {
print(text)
}
}
let cheeseQuestion = SurveyQuestion(text: "Do you like cheese?")
cheeseQuestion.ask()
// Prints "Do you like cheese?"
cheeseQuestion.response = "Yes, I do like cheese."
class SurveyQuestion {
let text: String
var response: String?
init(text: String) {
self.text = text
}
func ask() {
print(text)
}
}
let beetsQuestion = SurveyQuestion(text: "How about beets?")
beetsQuestion.ask()
// Prints "How about beets?"
beetsQuestion.response = "I also like beets. (But not with cheese.)"
class ShoppingListItem {
var name: String?
var quantity = 1
var purchased = false
}
var item = ShoppingListItem()
struct Size {
var width = 0.0, height = 0.0
}
let twoByTwo = Size(width: 2.0, height: 2.0)
struct Size {
var width = 0.0, height = 0.0
}
struct Point {
var x = 0.0, y = 0.0
}
struct Rect {
var origin = Point()
var size = Size()
init() {}
init(origin: Point, size: Size) {
self.origin = origin
self.size = size
}
init(center: Point, size: Size) {
let originX = center.x - (size.width / 2)
let originY = center.y - (size.height / 2)
self.init(origin: Point(x: originX, y: originY), size: size)
}
}
let basicRect = Rect() // basicRect's origin is (0.0, 0.0) and its size is (0.0, 0.0)
let originRect = Rect(origin: Point(x: 2.0, y: 2.0),
size: Size(width: 5.0, height: 5.0))
// originRect's origin is (2.0, 2.0) and its size is (5.0, 5.0)
let centerRect = Rect(center: Point(x: 4.0, y: 4.0),
size: Size(width: 3.0, height: 3.0))
// centerRect's origin is (2.5, 2.5) and its size is (3.0, 3.0)
init(parameters) {
statements
}
convenience init(parameters) {
statements
}
※Appleサイトに分かりやすい図がある。
class Vehicle {
var numberOfWheels = 0
var description: String {
return "\(numberOfWheels) wheel(s)"
}
}
class Bicycle: Vehicle {
override init() {
super.init()
numberOfWheels = 2
}
}
class Food {
var name: String
init(name: String) {
self.name = name
}
convenience init() {
self.init(name: "[Unnamed]")
}
}
class RecipeIngredient: Food {
var quantity: Int
init(name: String, quantity: Int) {
self.quantity = quantity
super.init(name: name)
}
override convenience init(name: String) {
self.init(name: name, quantity: 1)
}
}
class ShoppingListItem: RecipeIngredient {
var purchased = false
var description: String {
var output = "\(quantity) x \(name)"
output += purchased ? " ✔" : " ✘"
return output
}
var breakfastList = [
ShoppingListItem(),
ShoppingListItem(name: "Bacon"),
ShoppingListItem(name: "Eggs", quantity: 6),
]
breakfastList[0].name = "Orange juice"
breakfastList[0].purchased = true
for item in breakfastList {
print(item.description)
}
let wholeNumber: Double = 12345.0
let pi = 3.14159
if let valueMaintained = Int(exactly: wholeNumber) {
print("\(wholeNumber) conversion to Int maintains value of \(valueMaintained)")
}
// Prints "12345.0 conversion to Int maintains value of 12345"
let valueChanged = Int(exactly: pi)
// valueChanged is of type Int?, not Int
if valueChanged == nil {
print("\(pi) conversion to Int does not maintain value")
}
// Prints "3.14159 conversion to Int does not maintain value"
struct Animal {
let species: String
init?(species: String) {
if species.isEmpty { return nil }
self.species = species
}
}
let someCreature = Animal(species: "Giraffe")
// someCreature is of type Animal?, not Animal
if let giraffe = someCreature {
print("An animal was initialized with a species of \(giraffe.species)")
}
// Prints "An animal was initialized with a species of Giraffe"
enum TemperatureUnit {
case kelvin, celsius, fahrenheit
init?(symbol: Character) {
switch symbol {
case "K":
self = .kelvin
case "C":
self = .celsius
case "F":
self = .fahrenheit
default:
return nil
}
}
}
enum TemperatureUnit: Character {
case kelvin = "K", celsius = "C", fahrenheit = "F"
}
let fahrenheitUnit = TemperatureUnit(rawValue: "F")
if fahrenheitUnit != nil {
print("This is a defined temperature unit, so initialization succeeded.")
}
// Prints "This is a defined temperature unit, so initialization succeeded."
let unknownUnit = TemperatureUnit(rawValue: "X")
if unknownUnit == nil {
print("This is not a defined temperature unit, so initialization failed.")
}
// Prints "This is not a defined temperature unit, so initialization failed."
class Product {
let name: String
init?(name: String) {
if name.isEmpty { return nil }
self.name = name
}
}
class CartItem: Product {
let quantity: Int
init?(name: String, quantity: Int) {
if quantity < 1 { return nil }
self.quantity = quantity
super.init(name: name)
}
}
class Document {
var name: String?
// this initializer creates a document with a nil name value
init() {}
// this initializer creates a document with a nonempty name value
init?(name: String) {
if name.isEmpty { return nil }
self.name = name
}
}
class AutomaticallyNamedDocument: Document {
override init() {
super.init()
self.name = "[Untitled]"
}
override init(name: String) {
super.init()
if name.isEmpty {
self.name = "[Untitled]"
} else {
self.name = name
}
}
}
class UntitledDocument: Document {
override init() {
super.init(name: "[Untitled]")!
}
}
required init() {
// initializer implementation goes here
}
}
class SomeSubclass: SomeClass {
required init() {
// subclass implementation of the required initializer goes here
}
}
class SomeClass {
let someProperty: SomeType = {
// create a default value for someProperty inside this closure
// someValue must be of the same type as SomeType
return someValue
}()
}
struct Chessboard {
let boardColors: [Bool] = {
var temporaryBoard = [Bool]()
var isBlack = false
for i in 1...8 {
for j in 1...8 {
temporaryBoard.append(isBlack)
isBlack = !isBlack
}
isBlack = !isBlack
}
return temporaryBoard
}()
func squareIsBlackAt(row: Int, column: Int) -> Bool {
return boardColors[(row * 8) + column]
}
}
//super.init()の有無による実行順序の違い
class Parent {
let name = "Parent name"
init() {
print("\(name)")
}
}
class Child : Parent{
let childName = "Child name"
override init() {
// super.init()
print("\(childName)")
}
}
let child = Child()
//以下がprintされる。
//Parent name
//Child name
//
//super.init()をコメントアウトすると逆転する
//Child name
//Parent name
//super.init()の自動呼び出し。
//引数なしの一つのdesignated initializerが存在する場合、サブクラスから自動で呼び出される。
class Foo {
init() {
print("foo init")
}
}
class Bar: Foo {
init(x: Int) {
print("bar init")
}
}
let bar = Bar(x: 10)
//bar init
//foo init
//super.init()が自動で呼び出されない場合。
class Parent2 {
let name: String
init(name: String) {
self.name = name
print("Parent2=\(name)")
}
init() {
self.name = "Unknown"
}
}
class Child2: Parent2 {
let childName: String
override init(name: String) {
self.childName = name
// super.init(name: name + "'s parent")
super.init()
}
}
let child2 = Child2(name: "abc")
